An Alternative Method for Solving Lagrange's First-Order Partial Differential Equation with Linear Function Coefficients

An alternative method of solving Lagrange's first-order partial differential equation of the form $$(a_1x+b_1y+c_1z)p+(a_2x+b_2y+c_2z)q=a_3x+b_3y+c_3z,$$ where p=∂z/∂x, q=∂z/∂y and a_i, b_i, c_i (i=1,2,3) are all real numbers has been presented here.     

Comparison of the Optoelectronic Performance of Neutral and Cationic Forms of Riboflavin

The riboflavin dye 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-1-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl]-1-deoxypentitol and its pyridinium salt were synthesized, and studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solutions and on thin film states. The first absorption band of riboflavin-pyridinium salt derivative is red-shifted by 10 nm compared to neutral one on film. Cationic riboflavin derivative shows significant wavelength changes on its fluorescence emission spectrum in the excited state depending on the solvent polarity and the electronic environment. The fluorescence quantum yields of cationic riboflavin gave much higher values as compared to that of its neutral form. The fluorescence lifetimes were found to be in the range of 5.5–6.6 ns with mono ? exponential behavior. These dyes possess low-lying HOMO energy levels which are suitable to be able to inject holes to donor polymers so that they can be used as acceptor component in the active layer of bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SCs). Photovoltaic responses are reported for P3HT:riboflavin active layer wherein the synthesized dyes are used as acceptor component. Also, neutral riboflavin shows greater electron mobility value of 1.3 × 10^?3 cm²/V?s compared to its cationic derivative.     

铷原子磁光阱中超冷等离子体的形成和演化

在铷原子的磁光阱中,通过光电离冷原子方法和稠密里德堡原子的自发演化方法产生了超冷等离子体。磁光阱中冷却并囚禁了10^7个原子,温度约为500μK,之后用一束脉冲激光将冷原子电离或者激发至高里德堡态,通过调节脉冲激光的能量控制离子数量或者里德堡原子的数量。利用延迟斜坡电场或脉冲电场引出超冷等离子体中的电子,对超冷等离子体的形成和演化进行了研究,并利用库仑势阱模型对实验结果进行了解释。实验结果表明,由于来自长寿命里德堡原子的贡献,里德堡原子自发演化形成的超冷等离子体的寿命比光电离形成的超冷等离子体的寿命长。     

Geographical traceability of wheat and its products using multielement light stable isotopes coupled with chemometrics

The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of stable isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen in wheat kernel along with different processed fractions from three geographical origins across 5 years using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Multiway ANOVA revealed significant differences among region, harvest year, processing, and their interactions for all isotopes. The region contributed the major variability in the δ¹³C ‰, δ²H ‰, δ¹⁵N ‰, and δ¹⁸O‰ values of wheat. Variation of δ¹³C ‰, δ¹⁵N ‰, and δ¹⁸O ‰ between wheat whole kernel and its products (break, reduction, noodles, and cooked noodles) were ?0.7‰, and no significant difference was observed, suggesting the reliability of these isotope fingerprints in geographical traceability of wheat‐processed fractions and foods. A significant influence of wheat processing was observed for δ²H values. By applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to the whole dataset, the generated model correctly classified over 91% of the samples according to the geographical origin. The application of these parameters will assist in the development of an analytical control procedure that can be utilized to control the mislabeling regarding geographical origin of wheat kernel and its products.     

CuSO4/sodium ascorbate catalysed synthesis of benzosuberone and 1,2,3-triazole conjugates: Design,synthesis and in vitro anti-proliferative activity

A novel series of conjugates of benzosuberone and 1,2,3-triazole i.e. 3-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl-9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-8-carboxylic acids (8a-j) were synthesized in good to excellent yields catalysed by CuSO₄ under milder reaction conditions and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity. The structural elucidation of the prepared compounds was carried out using IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized derivatives (8a-j) were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against four human cell lines and the novel derivatives showed moderate to excellent activity. The obtained results suggest that these compounds can be considered as new hits for anti-proliferative drug development programme and further SAR studies can help obtain better anticancer agents.     

Multicomponent access to novel proline/cyclized cysteine tethered monastrol conjugates as potential anticancer agents

The versatility of multicomponent Biginelli’s reaction is exploited in the development of proline and cyclized cysteine tethered conjugates of monastrol, a kinesin Eg5 inhibitor. Ten new conjugates are synthesized focusing on structural replacement of the ester moiety (C-5 position) of the monastrol backbone with amino acid based amide moieties. On cytotoxic evaluation, conjugate 24 has shown promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against leukemia. Molecular docking studies revealed that the conjugates 19 and 24 exhibit better interaction at kinesin Eg5 receptor compared to monastrol. Moreover, computational calculations and predictions of important molecular properties suggest that these new amino acid based conjugates could be further improved to provide potential anticancer agents.     

Hybrid cross‐linked hydrogels as a technology platform for in vitro release of cephradine

Hydrogel‐based drug delivery systems can leverage therapeutically favorable upshots of drug release and found clinical uses. Hydrogels offer temporal and spatial control over the release of different therapeutic agents. Because of their tailor made controllable degradability, physical properties, and ability to prevent the labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels provide platform on which diverse physicochemical interactions with entrapped drugs cause to control drug release. Herein, we report the fabrication of novel vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS) cross‐linked chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels. Swelling in distilled water in conjunction with different buffer and electrolyte solutions was performed to assess the swellability of hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were further conducted to investigate the possible interactions between components, thermal stability, and crystallinity of as‐prepared hybrid hydrogels, respectively. In vitro time‐dependent biodegradability, antimicrobial study, and cytotoxicity were also carried out to evaluate their extensive biocompatibility and cytotoxic behavior. More interestingly, in vitro drug release study allowed for the controlled release of cephradine. Therefore, this facile strategy developed the novel biocompatible and biodegradable hybrid hydrogels, which could significantly expand the scope of these hydrogels in other biomedical applications like scaffolds, skin regeneration, tissue engineering, etc.     

Sub-ppt level voltammetric sensor for Hg2+ detection based on nafion stabilized l-cysteine-capped Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) have received considerable attention due to their distinctive properties when compared to the corresponding monometallic...     

Fabrication of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) for catalytic pyrolysis of nutshells biomass

The fabrication of nanoparticles has been perused as a topic of critical importance in the present decades. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles employs plants extract instead of harmful chemicals. These plant extracts act as reducing and capping agents which is the most appropriate and eco-friendly method among all the preparative routs. In present study, the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-NPs) were fabricated using rapid, single step and benign biosynthetic rout by reduction of ferric nitrate nonahydrate solution with Ferocactus echidne aqueous extract containing ascorbic acid as a main reducing and capping agent. The structural and morphological properties of prepared iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated by Powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was approximately 15 ± 2 nm as determined by Scherrer equation. The biosynthetically fabricated nanoparticles were employed as catalyst for pyrolysis of nutshells to produce biofuel. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass yields biofuel as an alternative source of energy and chemical feed stock. Effect of temperature, heating rate, and amount of catalyst were investigated on conversion percentage and product yields. Aniline point, carbon residue, and cetane number of prepared bio-oil were also determined.     

Robust stability for uncertain stochastic fuzzy BAM neural networks with time-varying delays

In this Letter, by utilizing the Lyapunov functional and combining with the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, we analyze the global asymptotic stability of uncertain stochastic fuzzy Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural networks with time-varying delays which are represented by the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models. A new class of uncertain stochastic fuzzy BAM neural networks with time varying delays has been studied and sufficient conditions have been derived to obtain conservative result in stochastic settings. The developed results are more general than those reported in the earlier literatures. In addition, the numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applicability of the result using LMI toolbox in MATLAB.